Análise da qualidade físico-química com ênfase na detecção de fraudes em méis comercializados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Analysis of the physical-chemical quality with an emphasis in the detection of frauds in means marketed in the State of Rio de Janeiro

O presente estudo avaliou a qualidade e a possível ocorrência de fraudes em méis comercializados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Dez amostras de méis foram adquiridas em comércios da região, onde foram submetidas às analises de qualidade (HMF, Açucares Redutores, Sacarose aparente e Umidade) estabelecidas pela Normativa nº11 de outubro de 2000 do MAPA (BRASIL, 2000), bem como a analises específicas para detecção de fraudes (Reação de Fiehe, Reação de Lund e Teste de Lugol). Os resultados demonstraram que os níveis de sacarose aparente e umidade apresentaram-se acima do limite estabelecido pela normativa. Os outros parâmetros de qualidade avaliados estavam dentro do permitido. Nos testes específicos de adulteração apenas uma amostra (10%) foi positiva, tanto para o Teste de Lugol, quanto para Reação de Fiehe, confirmando a presença de fraude e a necessidade de maior fiscalização desses produtos.

Análise bacteriológica de mãos, região orofaríngea e equipamentos de proteção individual dos manipuladores de alimentos de um Restaurante Universitário no Rio de Janeiro / Bacteriological analysis of hands, orofaringea region and individual protection equipment of food manipulators of a university restaurant in Rio de Janeiro

Objetivo do trabalho, realizar análise bacteriológica de mãos, região nasal e orofaríngea e dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual dos manipuladores de alimentos e correlacionar com as ações analisadas ao longo da cadeia produtiva. Pesquisa bacteriológica e observacional realizada no ano de 2016, em Restaurante Universitário/RJ, com 17 manipuladores, para contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, pesquisa de Salmonella spp. e Número Mais Provável de Escherichia coli totais e análise das ações dos manipuladores durante as atividades laborais. Na pesquisa bacteriológica para mãos e Equipamentos de Proteção Individual, obteve-se 22,4% de resultados positivos para as bactérias pesquisadas, com exceção da pesquisa para Salmonella com ausência em todas as análises; quanto a região nasal e orofaríngea, 35,3% foram positivas para Staphyloccocus spp. Conclui-se que o serviço possui falhas nos controles higiênico sanitários dos manipuladores, com riscos à saúde do consumidor.

Contamination of Carcasses and Utensils in Small Swine Slaughterhouses by Salmonella in the Northwestern Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that constantly threatens food safety in developed countries and underdeveloped countries such as Brazil, where it is responsible for 38% of notified cases of foodborne illness. Swine are one of the main meat-producing species that may asymptomatically carry Salmonella, periodically shedding the bacteria through feces. The state of Rio de Janeiro is not a major producer of swine meat, but small slaughterhouses are operational and produce meat for consumption within the state, although few studies have been conducted in the region. In this context, this study was designed to evaluate Salmonella contamination in carcasses, lymph nodes, feces, utensils, and the environment of three small slaughterhouses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A total of 344 samples from carcasses, utensils, equipment, water, and the environment were collected from these slaughterhouses in the northwestern region of Rio de Janeiro. Salmonella was isolated from 36 (10.5%) samples: 10 of 48 carcasses, 19 of 96 lymph nodes, 4 of 48 fecal samples, 2 of 6 water samples, and 1 of 6 bleeding knives; 55 isolates were recovered. Serotyping revealed the predominance of Salmonella Typhimurium (20 isolates) followed by Salmonella Abony (10 isolates), Salmonella Give (7 isolates), Salmonella Heidelberg (4 isolates), and Salmonella Infantis (1 isolate). Ten isolates were only partially typeable, with only their O antigen identified, and three isolates had rough, nontypeable colonies. Despite the overall low prevalence of Salmonella in this study, all three slaughterhouses had poor hygienic and sanitary conditions, providing easy routes for carcass and, consequently, meat contamination. Thus, it is imperative to enforce sanitary inspections in these establishments and to apply good manufacture practices to assure the safety of the produced pork.

Enterococcus spp. Resistant to Multiple Antimicrobial Drugs and Determination of Fecal Contamination Levels in Mangrove Oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine and compare the Most Probable Number (MPN) of Total Coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. and to characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterococcus spp. isolated from oysters collected in the Barra de Guaratiba Mangrove, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The enumeration of E. coli has been used to indicate fecal contamination and hygienic-sanitary conditions of bivalve molluscs. Enterococci are capable to transfer several antimicrobial resistance genes to pathogenic bacteria, including those from Gram-negative group. The oysters were bought from local fishermen and a total of 123 individuals were analyzed. The TC, E. coli and Enterococcus spp. MPN mean were 26,300/100 g, 3,260/100 g and 2,820/100 g, respectively. The only correlation found was between TC and E. coli. Two strains of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to three different antimicrobial categories, including a high level resistance to streptomycin. One strain presented intermediate resistance to vancomycin. The E. coli levels exceeded the limits established by international legislation. This microbiological contamination in oysters reflects the water pollution and indicates a probable contamination of other seafood species from this mangrove, which can represent a risk for consumers and a threat to the environment and public health.

Circulation of the rabies virus in non-hematophagous bats in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2001-2010.

INTRODUCTION: Rabies is one of the most known lethal zoonosis, responsible for 55,000 human deaths per year. It is transmitted to humans mainly by the bite of domestic or wild animals infected with the virus. This paper shows the circulation of this virus in non-hematophagous bats in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: A survey was performed on the number of bats that had been sent for diagnosis by the Seção de Virologia of the Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman and were positive for rabies. The positive animals were identified, and the isolated viruses were sent for antigenic typification with indirect immunofluorescence. The results were compared with the antigenic panel of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: During 2001-2010, the laboratory received 555 non-hematophagous bats for rabies diagnosis, with 198 (35.7%) from Rio de Janeiro City. A total of 11 (5.5%) animals were positive for this disease. Antigenic typification revealed the predominance of variant 3 in 9 (81.8%) of the isolated viruses; 1 virus was classified as variant 4 and 1 variant was identified that segregated with the viruses in insectivorous bats. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained in this study showed the presence of the rabies virus in synanthropic populations of non-hematophagous bats in the City of Rio de Janeiro. The circulation of this agent in these animals represents a serious risk to human and animal health and requires attention and control measures by the authorities.

Circulation of the rabies virus in non-hematophagous bats in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2001-2010 / Circulação do vírus da raiva em morcegos não-hematófagos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período entre 2001-2010

INTRODUCTION: Rabies is one of the most known lethal zoonosis, responsible for 55,000 human deaths per year. It is transmitted to humans mainly by the bite of domestic or wild animals infected with the virus. This paper shows the circulation of this virus in non-hematophagous bats in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: A survey was performed on the number of bats that had been sent for diagnosis by the Seção de Virologia of the Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman and were positive for rabies. The positive animals were identified, and the isolated viruses were sent for antigenic typification with indirect immunofluorescence. The results were compared with the antigenic panel of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: During 2001-2010, the laboratory received 555 non-hematophagous bats for rabies diagnosis, with 198 (35.7%) from Rio de Janeiro City. A total of 11 (5.5%) animals were positive for this disease. Antigenic typification revealed the predominance of variant 3 in 9 (81.8%) of the isolated viruses; 1 virus was classified as variant 4 and 1 variant was identified that segregated with the viruses in insectivorous bats. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained in this study showed the presence of the rabies virus in synanthropic populations of non-hematophagous bats in the City of Rio de Janeiro. The circulation of this agent in these animals represents a serious risk to human and animal health and requires attention and control measures by the authorities.

INTRODUÇÃO: A raiva é uma das mais letais zoonoses conhecidas, responsável pelo óbito de 55 mil pessoas anualmente. É transmitida ao homem principalmente pela mordida de animais, domésticos ou silvestres, infectados pelo vírus. O presente estudo mostra a circulação deste agente em morcegos não-hematófagos no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Na Seção de Virologia do Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman, foi realizado um levantamento do número de morcegos recebidos positivos para o diagnóstico. Os animais positivos foram identificados, e o vírus isolado foi submetido à tipificação de variantes antigênicas pela técnica de imunofluorescência indireta, com os resultados comparados com o painel antigênico utilizado pelo Centro de Controle de Doenças (Center of Disease Control -CDC). RESULTADOS: Entre 2001-2010, o laboratório recebeu 555 morcegos nãohematófagos para o diagnóstico da raiva, sendo 135 (35,5%) do município do Rio de Janeiro. Um total de 11 (5,5%) animais foram positivos para a doença. A tipificação antigênica revelou a predominância da variante 3, com nove (81,9%) vírus isolados, um pertencente a variante 4 e outro de uma variante que segrega com a presente em morcegos insetívoros. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados observados no presente estudo demonstraram a presença do vírus da raiva em populações sinantrópicas de morcegos não-hematófagos no município do Rio de Janeiro. A circulação deste agente nesses animais representa um grave risco a saúde humana e animal, e requer atenção e medidas de controle e prevenção por parte das autoridades competentes.